us– in the attempt to give an organic, definitive and public form to the treatment of the subject, cf., as well as the place mentioned on sheet 2 v., sheet 11 r., and sheet 25 v.: “Qui ti bisognia seguitare con ordine, cioè distinguendo in proposizioni, a membro a membro di ciascuna parte; e così sarai sanza confusione bene inteso” [here I must follow in the right order, that is distinguishing each part, piece by piece into propositions; thus I shall be understood without confusion] (cf. also ms. F, 87 v., and the Anatomy sheets A, 4v.). This desire to achieve the divulgation of his work, to thus multiply its utility, and show in a “famous work” what he had been not just in art but in science too, had increasingly grown in Leonardo’s mind; it offered him new stimulus in his later work on the Anatomy, where he had already however employed great effort to produce a systematically grandiose and perfect work (“adunque qui con 12 figure intere ti sarà mostro la cosmografia del minor mondo, col medesimo ordine che innanzi a me fu fatto da Tolomeo nella sua cosmografia, e così dividerò poi quelle in membra, come lui divise il tutto in province” [so here with 12 full figures you will be shown the cosmography of the lesser world, in the same order shown to me by Ptolemy in his cosmography, and then I shall divide them into parts, as he divided all into provinces.] (Richter, The literary works of Leonardo da Vinci, London, Sampson Low, 1883, II, § 798, pg. 111, W. An. IV, 157 r.)); and was still apparent even towards the close of his life, when (10 October 1517) he showed Cardinal Louis of Aragon and his secretary, Antonio de Beatis, who had come to visit him in Cloux, his writings and anatomical sketches. “Ha anche composto”, aggiunge il De Beatis, “de la natura de l’acque. De diuerse machine . et alt[r]e cose secondo ha referito luj: infinìtà de volumj . et tucti in lingua uulgar . quali si uengono in luce saranno profigui et molto delecteuolj”. (He has also written, added De Beatis, on the nature of water. Of various machines, and other things which he has referred to: the infinity of volumes, and all in the popular tongue, which when they come to light shall be useful and most entertaining). (Itinerary of Right Reverend Monsignor and my Lord the Illustrious Cardinal of Aragon. Begun in the City of Ferrara in the year of Our Lord M : D : XVII in the month of May and described by me, Don Antonio de Beatis Melfictano Cleric with every possible diligence and Faith. National Library of Naples. Ms. X, F, 28, sheet 76 verso). I have taken the text (first published by Uzielli in his most useful Research regarding Leonardo da Vinci. Second series. Rome, Salviucci, 1884, p. 460-461) from Müller-Walde, Beiträge, etc., III, in Jahrbuch der k. Preussischen Kunstsammlungen, XIX (Berlin, 1898), pg. 262 (Urkundliche Belege). The Clergyman then published the Itinerary in full: Die Reise des Kardinals Luigi d’Aragona, etc., beschrieben von Antonio de Beatis. Freiburg in Breisgau, Herder, 1905 (cf. pages 79-80 and 143), with slight variations to the passage shown. in the partial attempts at distribution of the matter cf. note 4 on pg. 11; Leonardo’s indications on sheets 3 r., 9 r., 15 v., 17 v., 25 r.; and, on many pages, the significant grouping together of univocal cases. Below I have mentioned several of Leonardo’s lists of topics related to the treatise on water. , in the directions given regarding the number of the “propositions”, “cases” or “conclusions” on each single page As well as these indications, which appear on the greatest number of pages of the manuscript, on various occasions Leonardo indicates (sheets 12 r., 26 v., 9 r., 31 r) the results of the progressive, numeric recapitulations of the “conclusions” or “cases” (denominations used indifferently by Leonardo here) contained in various “papers”: very important recapitulations, as we shall see, in the deductions they permit regarding the formation of the manuscript and the order of the sheets. The last of them may be found on sheet 31 r. and offers the following result (for pages following from 18-19 to 6-31): “900 . 5 [905] conclusions”, a concrete expression of Leonardo’s pleasure at verifying the wealth of material accumulated, which one may deduce from the way in which he had already shown interest, at an earlier date, in the work of the treatise writers sought after by him: “In Vitolone è 805 conclusioni in prospettiva” [ In Vitolone 805 conclusions in perspective](Ms. B, sheet 58 r.). , in the references to previous theories Cf. Leonardo’s references to established propositions and theories regarding percussion and the motion of bodies (sheet 10 v.; 32 r.; & alias), the collapse of arches (sheet 25 r.; cf. ms. A, sheet 49 v., and subsequent), of resistance of buttresses (sheet 32 r.), the reference to the 21st proposition of the 4th book of his “theory” (sheet 35 r.), which I have also found quoted in various places in the manuscript S. K. M. II [sheet 73 v. (86 r. of Leonardo’s numeration), 97 r. (62 v.), 99 r. (60 v.), 103 v. (56 r.)]; etc. , in the questions dealt with from a polemical point of view That the discussion of the adversary theories was to be an integral part of the treatise may be deduced from the title of a chapter just begun, on sheet 36 v.: “Dice l’avversario, che la luce della luna” (Our adversary says that moonlight etc. (cf. also sheet 1 r.: “The adversary objects”), and especially from an interesting passage on sheet 31.r. in which Leonardo reproves the error of many who have claimed that the level of the sea is higher than the highest mountain to be found: an affirmation based on a sophism which Leonardo points out, adding: “e questa tal ragione sarà prodotta dall’avversario” [and this same reason shall be produced by the adversary]. From this it appears that the adversary was to impersonate, in the treatise, the errors to be disproved and to motivate the discussion: an expedient used by Leonardo in many other manuscripts, beginning with manuscript I (sheets 12 r., 16 v.), and which he probably copied from some of the medieval works known to him, perhaps from Albert Magnus, whom he quotes in another part of the same manuscript I (sheet 130 v.), and who used it in much the same way (an example of this may be found in De coelo et mundo (this title, found on the sheet mentioned of manuscript I, may therein refer to Albert Magnus): cf. the l° book, IV° treatise, chapter 9, in the Venice edition, 1490, by Giovanni and Gregorio da Forlì). , in the characteristic use of arguments by deduction, in the corollaries of a practical nature – what the development of a “science” was for Leonardo as he understood
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us– in the attempt to give an organic, definitive and public form to the treatment of the subject, in the partial attempts at distribution of the matter , in the directions given regarding the number of the “propositions”, “cases” or “conclusions” on each single page , in the references to previous theories , in the questions dealt with from a polemical point of view , in the characteristic use of arguments by deduction, in the corollaries of a practical nature – what the development of a “science” was for Leonardo as he understood